2023年市場展望:迎接不一樣的亞洲

儘管疫情拖累股市成長,但亞洲的長期投資特性仍完好無損,投資範圍亦變得更加多元。受供應鏈更加多元及全球減碳週期影響,各國擔任不同的角色,為成熟與新興亞洲國家帶來投資機會。

受不明朗的全球環境影響,亞太區的經濟成長預計將在2022年放緩至4.0%,然後在2023年有望上升至4.3%。 1除了《為另一個新常態作好準備》一文中探討的風險外,中國經濟放緩亦是亞洲的不利因素。儘管如此,其他亞洲國家亦有提供良好的投資機會及成長動能。

舊時代與新世代的成長領域

近年關鍵的主題之一是全球供應鏈多元化,主要是從中國轉移至亞洲其他地區。東協方面,越南及印尼是該移轉趨勢的主要受惠國家。隨著電子服務製造業及電動汽車供應鏈成為高成長領域,印度亦開始迎來此趨勢的利多。印度該相關產業的股票正與其他競爭對手爭奪市占率。因此,製造業產品出口有望成為印度的另一個成長引擎。但目前為止,印度出口佔國內生產毛額不到15%。因此,相對於亞洲其他國家,受全球經濟放緩的衝擊可能較小。

印度的製造業產品出口可能在五年內帶動國內生產毛額(GDP)增長2.4%

[Graph] India’s manufactured exports could add 2.4% to GDP in five years

為應對不銹鋼及電動汽車電池材料日益成長的需求,印尼正積極利用其豐富自然資源基礎,發展電動汽車供應鏈生態系統。該國目前有138家冶煉廠(主要冶煉鎳)及約6個正在開發的工業園區,這些措施有望在未來幾年實質改變印尼對外貿易的格局。

與此同時,泰國經濟持續受惠於國際旅遊及旅遊業復甦。因此,旅遊與消費相關類股有潛在的投資機會。馬來西亞方面,2023年的經濟成長可能放緩而不是衰退,因為石油、天然氣以及電器及電子產品等出口產業應會維持良好的表現。越南經濟在疫情後強勁復甦,2022年前九個月的國內生產毛額成長8.8%。在越南經濟成長動力的帶領下,消費相關產業及製造業提供良好的投資前景。

放眼整個亞洲地區方面,可持續發展是另一個成長動力。正如《可持續發展路線概覽》一文指出,減少碳排放所需的綠色基礎建設將帶來大量的投資機會。隨著越來越多國家、公司以及投資人重視永續議題,投資人可將企業是否可持續發展作為選取投資標的的基準。

中美兩國科技產業脫鈎的影響

全球半導體晶片產業是中美兩國近期競爭的主要戰場。美國最近半導體限制措施將迫使一定數量半導體供應鏈的主要廠商(即台灣、韓國及日本)與中國脫鈎。然而對於台灣而言,由於大部分台灣半導體製造商聚焦在先進半導體加工,源自中國的營收相對較低,因此影響有限。

短期地緣政治風險及兩岸緊張局勢升溫,拖累台灣股票表現,但台灣股票的風險溢酬並無明顯上升跡象,因為國內經濟及重點產業的競爭力是影響台股估值最重要的因素。

與此同時,雖然韓國半導體公司將因中國晶圓廠產業升級困難,而面臨短期效率不足的情況。但我們認為韓國半導體公司長期來看仍有成長性,因為韓國公司已開始重擬現有晶圓廠選址策略。此外,這將幫助韓國半導體公司有更多時間縮窄與中國的差距,並有望在美國主導的市場中保持長期穩定的利潤率。

擁有潛在投資價值的領域

面對全球經濟放緩、利率上升及通膨加劇的風險,專注於估值合理、價值成長的股票投資人將迎來絕好的投資機會。由於股市在2022年下挫約20%至30%,東北亞市場(韓國、台灣、中國以及香港)的估值似乎非常便宜。此外,大部分投資人有望體驗到《追蹤中國經濟重啟的動態》一文中所探討中國經濟重啟的利多蝴蝶效應。

另一擁有潛在投資價值的領域是雲端及超大規模的供應鏈數據導向產業,尤其是台灣。這類型數據中心的數量日益增加,是製造連接器及電路板公司的一大利多。根據Synergy Research Group的數據顯示,到2021年底,全球已經有728個超大規模數據中心營運。到2026年,此數目將上升至1,200。美國將持續是數據中心的最大獨佔市場。

另一方面,以當地貨幣計價,東協市場(尤其是新加坡和印尼)與印度均擁有正報酬,其估值無論按絕對值或相比歷史資料來說似乎均不算便宜。投資人需要透過主動選股策略以篩選潛力股。當前整個東協甚至擴及印度特地的銀行就相當有投資價值。由於名目國內生產毛額成長強勁,資產財務體質改善,加上2021年的基數偏低,利酬率有望回升,有利於2023年的企業盈利表現。此外,由於亞洲後疫情經濟重啟方面落後於世界其他地區,亞洲服務業可能到2023年才能反映經濟重啟的年度效益。

大部分亞洲市場相較於美國較有投資價值

[Graph] Most Asian markets are cheaper than the US

日本企業特別值得一提,儘管受到疫情的衝擊,日本企業營利仍保持穩定。過去十年,企業重組帶來更高營運效率,並改善公司獲利能力。雖日圓貶值對進口原物料的國內公司來說實屬不利,但對出口商卻是一大利多,尤其是汽車產業。國內以及防禦型股票對日圓轉強尤為敏感,日圓升值將有望帶動漲勢。相對於以往的價值評估與其他成熟市場,日本股票相當便宜,投資人未來數年大有可能獲得二位數報酬。

亞洲債券方面,我們在優質固定收益領域發現投資機會,其絕對殖利率處於十多年來最吸引人的水準。透過將資本配置至那些由穩健機構發行且殖利率高於通膨率的短期投資等級債券,投資人將有望擁有穩定正報酬。

同時,亞洲非投資等級債券目前是最便宜的風險資產之一。然而,新投資人可能仍在觀望聯準會的升息週期是否結束,以及中國經濟重啟的情況。因為近期中國房地產產業動盪引發了市場拋售,導致投資人信心動搖,我們預期該產業需要出現以下發展才能使投資人恢復信心:a)中國實體房地產市場出現觸底或逆轉跡象,且融資方面獲得政策支持,以及b)部分持有大量海外債券的私人機構成功重組。

投資影響

embracing-a-different-asia-fig3-2 

作者:

John Tsai, Head of Growth Equities, Eastspring Singapore
Sundeep Bihani, Portfolio Manager, Equities, Eastspring Singapore
Anand Gupta, Portfolio Manager, Equities, Eastspring Singapore
Ivailo Dikov, Head of Japan Equities, Eastspring Singapore
Danny Tan, Head of Fixed Income, Eastspring Singapore
Wai Mei Leong, Portfolio Manager, Fixed Income, Eastspring Singapore
Doreen Choo, Head of Investments, Eastspring Malaysia
Liew Kong Chian, Head of Investments, Eastspring Indonesia
Bodin Buddhain, Asset Allocation Strategist, Eastspring Thailand
Nguyen Thi Bich Thao, Head of Equities, Eastspring Vietnam
Rebecca Lin, Head of Investments, Eastspring Taiwan
Paul Kim, Head of Equities, Eastspring Korea

This document is produced by Eastspring Investments (Singapore) Limited and issued in:

Singapore and Australia (for wholesale clients only) by Eastspring Investments (Singapore) Limited (UEN: 199407631H), which is incorporated in Singapore, is exempt from the requirement to hold an Australian financial services licence and is licensed and regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore under Singapore laws which differ from Australian laws.

Hong Kong by Eastspring Investments (Hong Kong) Limited and has not been reviewed by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong.

Indonesia by PT Eastspring Investments Indonesia, an investment manager that is licensed, registered and supervised by the Indonesia Financial Services Authority (OJK).

Malaysia by Eastspring Investments Berhad (531241-U).

United States of America (for institutional clients only) by Eastspring Investments (Singapore) Limited (UEN: 199407631H), which is incorporated in Singapore and is registered with the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission as a registered investment adviser.

European Economic Area (for professional clients only) and Switzerland (for qualified investors only) by Eastspring Investments (Luxembourg) S.A., 26, Boulevard Royal, 2449 Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, registered with the Registre de Commerce et des Sociétés (Luxembourg), Register No B 173737.

United Kingdom (for professional clients only) by Eastspring Investments (Luxembourg) S.A. - UK Branch, 125 Old Broad Street, London EC2N 1AR.

Chile (for institutional clients only) by Eastspring Investments (Singapore) Limited (UEN: 199407631H), which is incorporated in Singapore and is licensed and regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore under Singapore laws which differ from Chilean laws.

The afore-mentioned entities are hereinafter collectively referred to as Eastspring Investments.

The views and opinions contained herein are those of the author on this page, and may not necessarily represent views expressed or reflected in other Eastspring Investments’ communications. This document is solely for information purposes and does not have any regard to the specific investment objective, financial situation and/or particular needs of any specific persons who may receive this document. This document is not intended as an offer, a solicitation of offer or a recommendation, to deal in shares of securities or any financial instruments. It may not be published, circulated, reproduced or distributed without the prior written consent of Eastspring Investments. Reliance upon information in this posting is at the sole discretion of the reader. Please consult your own professional adviser before investing.

Investment involves risk. Past performance and the predictions, projections, or forecasts on the economy, securities markets or the economic trends of the markets are not necessarily indicative of the future or likely performance of Eastspring Investments or any of the funds managed by Eastspring Investments.

Information herein is believed to be reliable at time of publication. Data from third party sources may have been used in the preparation of this material and Eastspring Investments has not independently verified, validated or audited such data. Where lawfully permitted, Eastspring Investments does not warrant its completeness or accuracy and is not responsible for error of facts or opinion nor shall be liable for damages arising out of any person’s reliance upon this information. Any opinion or estimate contained in this document may subject to change without notice.

Eastspring Investments (excluding JV companies) companies are ultimately wholly-owned/indirect subsidiaries/associate of Prudential plc of the United Kingdom. Eastspring Investments companies (including JV’s) and Prudential plc are not affiliated in any manner with Prudential Financial, Inc., a company whose principal place of business is in the United States of America.