大到無法忽視?從指數權重看印度股市投資機會

印度市場今年強勁的表現,博得全球投資人眼球,尤其當外資流出亞洲股市之際,印度內資撐起印股半邊天,更是不容小覷。本文來自於印度在地顧問ICICIPru保誠資產管理,從環球視野到在地觀點看印度。

2022年,印度國內機構法人(DII)買進約320億美元的股票,創下過去15年來最高;反觀外國投資人今年流出約280億美元,創下歷史新高紀錄,資金外流的四大原因如下:

  1. 預期印度盧比貶值

  2. 股價不如以往便宜

  3. 未來盈利可能減少

  4. 原油波動成為關鍵風險因子

依據過往經驗,當國外股市拋售潮放緩,印度市場就會迎來強勁的反彈力道。2022年7月,在遭遇連續9個月的拋售後,外國投資人資金回流印度(增加8.36億美元),推動印度Nifty 50指數上漲8.7%。

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印度占新興市場權重 超韓趕台

2019年中,印度在MSCI新興市場指數中的權重,僅與東協國家總和或巴西相近;現在權重卻已超越韓國,相當接近台灣。印度在未來的幾十年內預期將會是最高速成長的主要經濟體。印度名目GDP與東協、韓國或台灣相比之下更大,但在MSCI新興市場中的權重卻直到最近才逐漸增加。

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儘管印度前20大公司的平均現金流通量/股市市值佔比,與韓國和台灣相當,但仔細觀察後會發現,印度市值大於20億美元的公司數量是韓國的兩倍、也明顯領先台灣許多。產業方面,印度市場也提供更多元化的選擇。

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通貨膨脹 是全球共同的壓力

儘管印度目前通膨率高於印度央行目標水平6%,但是,相較於其他市場,情況沒有想像中惡劣,印度食品方面(小麥、糖、蔬菜等)能夠自給自足,通膨來源主要來自外部供應面的衝擊。印度政府和央行(RBI)近幾個月來的努力,也有助於通膨明顯緩解。

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貨幣表現如何?

過去兩個月印度盧比兌美元貶值,但從年初至今,盧比貶值幅度卻低於其他新興市場貨幣。印度央行致力於確保盧比健康的流動性,為鼓勵資本流動制定了一系列措施,包括放寬對外幣存款和外部商業借貸的監管、以及外資流入債務市場的規範。

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面對今年烏克蘭戰爭引發創新高FPI (外資進入當地證券市場的投資)外流和外部供應面衝擊,印度擁有高達5,740億美元的外匯存底,成為印度整體經濟強而有力的支柱。相比2013至2014年聯準會「削減恐慌」期間7個月的進口保障水平,現今印度的外匯儲備進口覆蓋水平約達12個月,加上印度儲備銀行對外匯市場的干預,成功阻止印度盧比劇烈波動。

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主要風險在哪?

印度的能源需求約有80%是仰賴進口。受近期原油價格跌至每桶100美元以下影響,推動印度股市上漲。持續高昂的油價會影響經常帳餘額和貨幣,故原油價格走勢在印度未來的經濟成長中扮演了關鍵角色。

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重要性劇增 投資人不容錯過

回顧2019年年中,印度占MSCI新興市場指數的8.5%,而如今,佔MSCI新興市場指數已躍昇至14%。進一步將印度與其他新興市場相比,印度具備幾項結構性優勢,例如人口結構十分有利、中產階級高、沒有政治不確定性、也沒有信貸泡沫風險,以及市場深度胃納量大。

大部分投資人通過新興市場途徑投資印度,鑑於該國的規模及其提供長遠的投資機會;我們認為,印度更值得透過主動型管理基金,配置於投資人的投資組合中。

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