【亞洲非投資等級債券】2022年3月基金評論

市場總覽:

3月份,由於俄烏衝突、通膨上升、貨幣政策收緊以及中國的新冠疫情封鎖措施,全球經濟成長擔憂不斷增加,全球債券市場持續表現不佳。亞洲美元高收益債券也未能倖免於市場下跌,摩根大通亞洲信用非投資等級債指數下跌2.60%。

亞洲美元高收益債券市場下跌的主要原因為美國利率上升。在3月的FOMC會議上,美國聯準會(Fed)將聯邦基金利率的目標區間上調至0.25%和0.50%,此為市場預期中的舉動,因為美國通膨率達到40年來的最高水平,而同時經濟成長保持彈性。除了提高聯邦基金利率之外,FOMC對聯邦基金利率的預測中值也預示著央行的鷹派態度轉變,預期至2022年底將升息7次,2023年將升息4次。聯準會也表示其很快將開始減持國庫券、政府機構債券和不動產抵押貸款證券。

在貨幣政策收緊和政策制定者對抗通膨越來越鷹派的言論下,美國公債(UST)殖利率曲線持續趨平,2年期和10年期美國公債殖利率在3月份分別上漲90個基點和51個基點,分別為2.33%和2.34%。對政策預期更為敏感的2年期公債殖利率的上漲使2022年初以來的漲幅擴大至160個基點。 此為自1984年以來最大的單季漲幅,當時聯準會以50個基點或更大的幅度升息。

除美國利率大幅上升外,亞洲高收益債券市場表現亦因市場個別地區債券表現不一而受到拖累。 尤其是高收益主權債券表現不佳,因為新興市場資金流出,以及能源和食品價格上漲引發了對亞洲特定前緣國家外部平衡惡化的擔憂。 巴基斯坦主權國家是主要表現不佳的國家之一,因為政府決定降低燃料和電力價格,以及宣布對其工業部門的救濟方案,導致財政擔憂,而針對總理伊姆蘭·汗的不信任動議也引發政治方面的動盪。

在企業板塊中,中國高收益房地產以及消費板塊主要表現不佳。本月,有關中國政府在上海等特定城市實施封鎖的消息引發了經濟成長擔憂。 房地產銷售持續下降,且該產業的負面新聞也打壓市場情緒。然而,中國當局支持房地產產業的言論,包括副總理劉鶴在金融政策委員會會議上呼籲採取「有力有效」的政策以應對房地產開發商的風險,重振了投資者情緒,並有助於下半月房地產板塊強勢反彈。

其他方面,斯里蘭卡、蒙古和印尼等國家的債券表現更具彈性。

基金總覽:

本月,基金增持中國房地產板塊,拖累了相對表現。雖然在政策支持下,房地產產業在本月下旬經歷了大幅反彈,但早些時候的下跌導致該產業在本月整體表現不佳。此也抵消了減持中國消費者和香港債券的收益,後者在本月表現不佳。

年初至今,基金整體增持中國房地產板塊持續拖累相對表現。受相關新聞和投資者情緒影響,個別企業表現動盪,產業內各債券表現也參差不齊。例如,消息指出世茂公司的一個部門未能償還其信託貸款後,世茂債券的表現不佳,因此該基金早些時候減持了世茂相關債券。然而,基金增持特定的B評級公司債券,這些公司受到負面的市場消息影響,進而抵消了收益。在中國房地產領域之外,其他領域表現整體上是積極的,主要的積極貢獻包括基金減持香港房地產產業以及菲律賓債券。印尼的積極選債也為相對報酬做出了積極貢獻。

未來展望:

隨著俄烏衝突持續以及中國的封鎖措施,隨之而來的供應鏈中斷對通膨造成了巨大的上行壓力,預計這種壓力將持續到需求和供應之間達到新的平衡,或者當前形勢出現趨於穩定的跡象。在這種環境下,對主要央行收緊貨幣政策的力度大於預期,及其對全球成長影響的擔憂預計將持續強勁。2年期和10年期公債殖利率曲線倒掛也進一步加劇了人們對經濟衰退的擔憂,儘管從歷史上看,也曾出現過曲線倒掛後發出錯誤信號的情況。

在短期內,我們可能會看到全球成長放緩,因為消費受到商品價格上漲的抑制。然而,我們預計全球成長不會衰退,因為 Omicron 影響減弱、勞動力市場強勁以及企業基本面穩健皆有助於緩解通膨壓力上升導致購買力減弱的影響。總體而言,鑑於經濟反彈的空間更大,因亞洲在放寬新冠疫情限制方面落後於成熟市場,因此應該能夠更好地度過目前的成長和通膨壓力。此外,亞洲的通膨表現相對良好,雖然該地區的通膨壓力也因供應方面的限制而上升,但價格上漲的起點較低。亞洲相對充裕的財政空間也意味著亞洲各國政府有更多的緩衝空間,以減輕物價上漲的影響,並支持該地區的經濟成長。同樣地,雖中國正面臨著自第一波新冠疫情以來最嚴重的封鎖,但它有足夠的寬鬆貨幣政策和財政措施以穩定成長。

因此,儘管我們仍持續關注不利宏觀經濟環境對於亞洲美元債券市場個別發行人的影響,但大多數發行人應能度過目前的經濟成長不利因素和不斷上漲的投入價格。若政策措施持續寬鬆,去年因收緊融資政策而遭受重創的中國房地產產業,也將會進一步表現穩定,儘管我們注意到房地產銷售在短期內,可能會持續受到疫情封鎖措施的影響。

對於本基金,我們維持對中國房地產產業的增持,但我們仍然優先選擇與國有(SOE)掛鉤的房地產標的,並選擇可以度過當前流動性緊縮且品質更好的民營企業。

 
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