【亞洲非投資等級債券】2022年2月基金評論

市場總覽:

2月份,全球利率波動繼續對債券市場構成壓力。對主要央行可能收緊貨幣政策的擔憂、俄烏衝突皆抑制了風險偏好。在此背景下,摩根大通亞洲信用非投資等級債指數在一個月內下跌4.4%,受美國利率上升和信用利差擴大的雙重拖累。

在歐洲央行行長等重要決策者發表鷹派言論後,對貨幣政策收緊的擔憂造成本月初的債券拋售。在美國,優於預期的就業數據和美國四年來新高的通膨也引發了對通膨高漲的預期,使10年期公債(UST)殖利率達到2019年的最高水準。然而,隨著中央銀行的政策立場開始因地緣政治緊張局勢而鬆動,利率上行趨勢預期降低。由於市場等待俄烏衝突的下一步進展,投資者尋找相對安全的債券和其他避險資產。一個月內,美國公債殖利率曲線趨平,10年期殖利率上升5個基點至 1.8%,而2年期殖利率上升25個基點至1.4%。

美國利率上升導致亞洲美元公司債下跌,而避險情緒也令亞洲公司債信用利差擴大。亞洲公司債市場的拋售範圍廣泛,遍及所有國家、評級和行業。然而,投資級債券的跌幅整體較為緩和,而高收益債繼續受到中國房地產產業疲軟的拖累。由於中國高收益房地產開發商財務困境的消息繼續抑制投資情緒,中國房地產成為主要落後者。整個行業的投資者情緒也受到新屋銷售下滑的消息拖累。

儘管如此,最近幾週對該產業的政策寬鬆措施有所改善。據財新3月1日報導,1月中旬以來,中國15個省市放寬了購房要求。據當地媒體報導,多個城市(例如深圳和廣東)的銀行已經降低了抵押貸款利率,減少了抵押貸款首付,並加快了抵押貸款審批。在各種監管放鬆措施中,中國當局還讓房地產開發商更容易從託管賬戶裡的預售金中獲得現金。

除中國房地產產業外,其他表現不佳的產業包括高收益主權債券和澳門博弈產業。由於擔心俄羅斯與烏克蘭的衝突將導致其燃料和食品進口價格上漲,從而進一步影響其供需平衡,因此斯里蘭卡和巴基斯坦等高收益主權國家的表現落後。由於博弈產業收入復甦乏力,澳門博弈業也表現不佳,這提高了行業降評風險。

儘管如此,並非所有高收益市場/產業都表現不佳。高收益準主權、工業和基礎設施標的相對具有彈性,甚至優於投資級公司債市場。

按國家劃分,中國、斯里蘭卡、澳門和巴基斯坦表現不佳,而馬來西亞、印度、印尼和香港等國家表現良好。

基金總覽:

月中,基金增持中國房地產產業,拖累了相對績效。公司債的選擇同樣是一個績效拖累來源,因為增持正榮等公司減損了績效。在該公司撤回其永久債券的決定並宣布對其美元債券進行債務交換後的一個月內,正榮是主要落後者之一。

然而,負面績效歸因部分被印尼積極的公司債選擇的收益所緩衝,其中選定的石油、天然氣和金融的特定曝險做出了積極貢獻。

此外,對菲律賓公司債的整體減持是另一個正面績效歸因。

未來展望:

隨著我們進入新的一年,市場波動似乎可能在短期內持續,因為自俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭開始,世界各地的市場投資人似乎更關注對負成長的影響而不是通膨風險,降低他們對升息的預期和提升避險情緒。由於東歐的安全將成為全球市場的主要關注點,至少在短期內如此,而且有跡象表明金融狀況開始收緊,避險情緒可能會持續一段時間。

然而,在中國的促進經濟成長的政策起到緩衝作用下,俄烏衝突對亞洲的直接影響在短期內似乎相對有限。持續的緊張局勢將對供應和大宗商品價格造成壓力,進而對地區經濟成長產生不利影響。我們認為,Omicron疫情的緩解、伊朗大量的能源供應前景以及歐佩克國家和美國石油產量增加,會緩解部分影響。

此外,儘管大多數亞洲經濟體是大宗商品淨進口國,但迄今為止,亞洲公司債相對新興國家市場更加抗跌,2月份摩根亞洲公司債(JACI)利差擴大了約30個基點;而新興市場美元債的利差擴大了約為72-85個基點。亞洲美元債券表現較為穩定,可能是由於國內投資者比例較高、亞洲公司債的整體信用品質較好,以及亞洲與其他新興市場相比較遠離相關地緣政治風險。我們認為,這些因素應能使亞洲公司債的未來發展的相對抗跌。事實上,在俄羅斯金融資產被排除在主要指數之外後,亞洲可能會受益於從俄羅斯流出的資金。

 
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