【亞洲高收益債券】2021年10月基金評論

市場總覽:

10月,對停滯性通膨風險和貨幣政策收緊的擔憂仍是投資者關注的焦點。然而,在亞洲高收益債市,主要的市場驅動因素仍然是中國房地產市場的動盪。中國房地產企業遇到財務困境的消息頻傳導致該市場區塊修正,並拖累摩根大通亞洲非投資級債指數本月下跌 5.17%。

本月,大多央行重申他們認為當前通膨壓力在很大程度上是暫時的,隨著供應鏈問題緩解將會下降。然而,市場參與者反對鴿派立場,他們持續為主要央行的政策利率上調提早定價。在此背景下,儘管聯準會官員重申對升息的耐心,2年期和10年期美國公債殖利率本月分別上升22和6個基點,至 0.50% 和 1.55%。

然而,在亞洲高收益債券市場,投資者的注意力仍然集中在中國房地產區塊的發展上。隨著中國房地產和建築業的第三季銷售數據公布,其中新屋銷售為自 2020 年第一季COVID-19大流行開始以來首次下滑。造成中國房地產場持續低迷;以70個城市為基礎的新屋價格也於9月下降0.08%,為2015年以來首次出現單月下滑。

儘管如此,本月的消息並非全然負面。中國恆大集團上個月透過在寬限期到期前支付離岸債券逾期利息避免違約。此外,報導稱中國當局在 9 月底建議各大銀行第四季加快抵押貸款的審核速度。10月中旬,中國人民銀行表示,各部會與地方政府正努力幫助恆大重啟項目和處置資產,同時敦促債務發行人和股東遵守市場紀律,履行債務清償義務。

在此情境下,本月中國房地產高收益債區塊下跌逾17%。

除中國外,亞洲國家繼續展現強大的韌性。雖然有經濟成長放緩的趨勢、健康的全球貿易仍支撐了韓國和新加坡等出口導向型經濟體成長。亞洲國家例如印度在重新開放經濟後也普遍表現出良好的進展,其疫苗接種率自 9 月以來急速上升。

基金總覽:

10月份,本基金加碼中國高收益房地產板塊以及債券選擇是該區塊普遍表現不佳的主要因素,尤其是B評級資產表現落後。負面表現抵銷了中國金融區塊選債部位的收益。此外,本基金加碼印度高收益公司債以及亞洲當地貨幣債的部位-諸如新加坡幣以及印尼盾計價債券也貢獻了部分績效。

年初至今,亞洲高收益債市場經歷了充滿挑戰的市場環境,因為中國對槓桿的關注和各個產業的監管政策收緊,引發了投資人對於政府政策的不確定性。在此背景下,越來越多中國房地產企業流動性承壓,使本基金在中國的債券部位成為影響相對表現的主要因素,並抵銷其他市場和區塊的收益。包括中國金融部門以及在中國以外,高收債發行公司表現良好,尤其是高收益主權債券。在斯里蘭卡獲得流動性額度和新貸款的消息後,其表現強勁反彈,本基金受惠於斯里蘭卡的曝險。菲律賓和印尼的選債也幫助縮小年初至今表現不佳的情況。

未來展望:

在亞洲債券市場上半年充滿挑戰之後,隨著我們進入 2021 年下半年,一些不確定性將可能持續存在;美國聯準會的鷹派立場以及供應鏈緊縮導致的持續通膨壓力將可能使投資者注意力重新轉向美國利率表現。在亞洲,該地區與新冠疫情病毒的鬥爭持續拖累經濟增長,而中國監管政策緊縮和中國房地產債券市場的持續動盪也引發了市場表現相互影響的擔憂。

儘管如此,鑑於全球供應鏈瓶頸和中國成長動能放緩,全球復甦出現放緩跡象。重要的是,美國聯準會主席鮑威爾重申在勞動力市場好轉之前,央行將對升息保持耐心。此外,雖然經濟復甦成長正在放緩,但我們預計全球復甦不會脫軌。在亞洲,一些國家較高的疫苗接種率和新冠疫情感染率已達到頂峰,使得旅遊限制得以放鬆,從而降低了經濟增長的下行風險。也有更多跡象表明中國政府將調整其總體以及監管政策,以防止國家經濟急劇下滑。

在中國房地產領域,隨著違約和債務重組的發生率持續上升,市場持續受到對房地產流動性壓力的擔憂衝擊。但是,我們仍然預期某種形式的政策支持將在未來幾個月內幫助避免離岸融資渠道完全關閉並避免對整體經濟的外溢效應。儘管中國政府不太可能在在房地產政策方面轉向,我們仍看到了逐步放鬆的措施,例如放寬抵押貸款審核。中國政府還承諾為房地產企業離岸債券還款提供足夠的外匯配額和其他政策支持。

當近期政策寬鬆的效果逐漸發酵並過濾出部分企業時,我們可能會看到一些體質穩定的公司。從長期來看,為減少房地產企業的債務積累而進行的監管也將灌輸更強的市場紀律並推動該產業債務基本面的改善。

因此,我們仍然認為加碼該產業是一個合理的提議,因為信用利差已經反映了過高的違約風險。當然,我們將重新評估個別公司的流動性部位,並將在未來3-6個月內調整看起來將更容易受到流動性緊縮影響的部位。我們也會評估增加投資組合的存續期間,因美國公債殖利率已達我們預期中性區間的上限。



 
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