【Q1債市導航】息收保護優先 靈活配置

2022年全球將面臨:通膨維持高檔、美國聯準會實施縮減購債,以及市場對升息預期等許多變數,牽動全球債市表現,關鍵的第一季該如何投資?

三債配置術:核心、選配與標配

瀚亞投資環球資產暨固定收益部認為,第一季債市投資建議採取配置策略,而非偏向單一券種。本季核心資產仍是高收益債券,看好債信品質改善,與景氣連動度高,最有表現空間;基本面仍有挑戰的新興市場債,則可作為「選配」,須擇優、擇時投資,評價面有吸引力。

投資等級債則是長線布局的「標配」,雖然面對縮減購債及通膨議題下,暫時不易有突出表現,但不可否認,一旦市場風險上升、波動增加,投等債即可發揮穩定作用。
2022Q1_Fix income outlook-1

資料來源:瀚亞投資,2021/12。

核心配置:高收益債作息收保護

解析高收益債現階段三大優勢:

1. 債信品質持續改善,違約率低

(1)美高收益債企業獲利成長已恢復至疫情前水準;預估未來12個月成長15%。

(2)債務成長率位於低檔。

(3)信評調升家數遠高於調降家數,有利於違約率走低及維持在低檔。

2. 與景氣連動度高,有表現空間

2022年景氣仍持續復甦,高收益債與景氣復甦的連動度較高,相對於其他券種更有表現空間。

3. 技術面支持

(1)預估2022年新券淨發行量減少。

(2)2021年新券發行量大,市場交易仍非常熱絡,顯示市場對高收債需求高。

(3)融資條件仍寬鬆,高收益債發行人基本面持續改善,違約率持續創低至1%以下,且因為企業借新還舊,債務後延,未來幾年的償債壓力都不大。

擇機配置:新興市場債

進入2022年,新興債市基本面仍有挑戰,評價面投資價值浮現。雖然轉折點的時機尚不明確,但建議可以選擇性增加配置,4大理由包括:

1. 收益率具吸引力

新興市場債券評價面很有吸引力,新興高收益主權債目前收益率為8.1%、新興美元主權債為5.4%,均領先於成熟國家主權債,甚至是高收益債的收益率。除收益率外,新興市場資產信用債利差高、實質利率高、匯率被低估,均顯示新興市場資產較成熟國家更具吸引力。

2. 新興美元債有望止跌反彈

過去15年單年度上漲機率高達8成,且無連2年下跌紀錄,2021年下跌,目前是潛在良好切入點。

3. 發債量減少

2022年新興市場美元主權債發行量由今年的1,920億美元減少至1,540億美元,供給量少,有利於新興債市回穩。

4. 新興國家領先成熟國家打擊通膨風險

祕魯、墨西哥、匈牙利、南韓等新興國家央行皆調升貨幣政策利率。雖然無法準確預估反彈時點,但進入2022年,可留意評價面的跌升反彈契機。

結論:做好債券配置 減債或升息都不怕

瀚亞投資環球資產暨固定收益部表示,利率回到疫情前水準的可能性較低,美國10年期公債殖利率預期將為區間偏升而後緩降。貨幣政策漸正常化,代表收益水準亦將增加,投資人應廣納具收益吸引力的投資標的,重視可持續的收益來源,並保有動態調整的彈性。

除美國高收益債外,還有相當多的投資機會如明日之星高收益債、歐洲高收益債、新興市場高收益債、證券化資產、浮動利率債等。有了收益的支撐,不論升息或減債環境,面對市場高檔震盪才能悠然自得。

第一季債券基金推薦清單

2022Q1_Fix income outlook-2

資料來源: 瀚亞投資,2021/12

 
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