亞洲價值型股票嶄露頭角:千載難逢的投資時機

企業有計畫性地轉型至減碳及雙供應鏈,以及通膨與不斷上升的資本成本開始令投資人將焦點重新轉移到企業利潤及現金流,此舉讓亞洲(日本除外)價值型股票投資策略變得有利可圖,而景氣循環股、舊經濟股及金融股可能因此受惠。

亞洲(日本除外)的價值型股票自2020年11月以來快速反彈,獲得超過亞洲(日本除外)指數15%1 的報酬。我們認為在景氣循環、潛在市場的預期以及投資人策略布局的支撐下,亞洲價值型股票將再次打敗大盤。

投資人的理念就像均值回歸裡所描述的,如同鐘擺般從一端(看好成長股)擺向另一端(重新關注利潤及現金流),我們注意到經由由下而上的投資策略所篩選出的亞洲價值型股票將迎來因被錯誤定價而出現的絕佳投資機會。

圖1:儘管近期價值型股票表現優於成長股,但評價差距(超額報酬機會)仍然龐大
圖1:儘管近期價值型股票表現優於成長股,但評價差距仍然龐大

資料來源︰瀚亞投資,2022年3月31日。亞太區(日本除外)評價位於最高五分位數的股票除以評價位於最低五分位數的股票的評價差距,按12個月遠期本益比計算。

經濟現今轉變與投資人未來布局

全球減碳與對永續的高度關注以及轉向雙供應鏈等因素均推動亞洲企業出現策略性的轉變,導致其投資及營業所得的成果與過去十年資產微幅成長的結果大相逕庭。

受到市場對通膨及利率預期影響,有別於過去十年成長型股票投資人只關注整體潛在市場/商品交易總額的情況2 ,現今投資人將焦點重新放在獲利能力及自由現金流。對大部分位於亞洲的供應商而言,全球出現類似的投資趨勢是一種利多。因此我們認為目前亞洲經濟週期將利於價值型股票投資,而景氣循環股、舊經濟股及金融股都將因此受惠。

由於偏好投資成長型股票多年,市場尚未反映這種潛在的投資模式轉變。此情況體現於價值型股票或成長型股票與優質股票之間的極端評價差距,以及在賣方調查中所反映的成長型產業持倉比重持續偏高中( 3見圖2)。

價值型股票在過去十年急劇下跌,導致多名投資人從觀念上放棄價值型股票投資。職涯風險及放眼季度外發展的慣性做法亦説明了為什麼往日的贏家風光不再。我們相信透過充分地運用我們與眾不同的投資策略,此逆向布局將為我們提供獨特優勢。

圖2:與優質股及成長股相比,亞洲價值型股票評價嚴重偏低
圖2:與優質股及成長股相比,亞洲價值型股票評價嚴重偏低

資料來源︰瀚亞投資。麥格理量化研究,2022年3月31日。MSCI亞洲(日本除外)指數最高五分位數優質股及成長股(按麥格理質素評分計算)對比最低五分位數價值股(按麥格理價值評分計算)的相對市盈率。PE:本益比。AxJ:亞洲(日本除外)

亞洲市場評價下調所帶來的良好時機

由於亞洲經濟重啟步伐較全球其他地區緩慢,再加上中國監管的問題,亞洲(日本除外)市場在去年下跌21%4。這導致該市場評價下降,股價淨值比僅1.7倍,而MSCI世界指數的股價淨值比則為2.9倍,此差距為自1990年代末的科技泡沫拋售潮以來的最高水準(見圖3)。

成長股在2014年後曾短期表現大幅優於大盤,而與該時期相比,這次的折價幅度極大。隨著2014年後總經週期及風格趨勢出現逆轉,這為亞洲價值股帶來成長的機會。

圖3:亞洲(日本除外)股市較全球股市具吸引力
圖3:亞洲(日本除外)股市較全球股市具吸引力

資料來源︰瀚亞投資、Refinitiv Datastream、MSCI,截至2022年3月31日。總回報以美元計值。

價值股投資機會龐大

我們留意到成熟市場及新興亞洲的銀行股有顯著的投資價值。經過多年低利潤(在成熟經濟體)及財務體質欠佳(在新興經濟體)的情況,企業策略性的轉變(如上文所述),再加上升息及通膨升溫等因素為銀行創造理想營收的機會。2021年,東協國家的經濟延後重啟,當地銀行們因其財務體質逐漸正常化而受惠。市場隱含報酬及投資人持倉比重偏低意味着我們將因財務體質正常化而獲利,同時還不需要面對投資人蜂擁而至的情況。

我們持續看好亞洲多個公司重組的機會,相關公司的管理階層正對文化、營運及資產負債表方面進行大規模改變,以求公司報酬回到歷史平均值。我們認為我們將準確掌握這種內部變化,以及這些公司在未來數季各個報酬正常化的時機,使我們能夠以較高比重持有這些公司,而不必擔心短期總經改變。

我們亦留意到中國大型公營公司股票也出現被錯誤定價的情況。過去兩年,有鑑於對美國制裁、房地產下行週期及中美貿易戰的憂慮,多間公司評價下調,但他們的中期現金流卻沒有受到影響;此外,ESG發展的前景亦更趨於明朗。我們除了將目光放在近期因疫情所引起的封城措施外,我們亦認為旅遊、休閒及廣告等服務業也具有一定的吸引力。這些公司除了擁有一定的抗跌能力與龐大的現金流外,關注度亦低於大型同業。

價值型股票的未來展望

瀚亞的價值型投資理念在於我們觀察到人總是會因情感或行為偏差而打亂投資決策,導致投資人過度聚焦在短期績效與發展,進而受公司祭出的成長承諾及對財務體質的觀點所影響,付出過高代價。因此我們將致力把握市場被錯誤定價而出現的投資機會。

我們嚴謹的價值投資策略立基於亞洲投資範圍,對評價異常下調的股票進行特定的篩選,藉此篩選出中期可持續回報的股票,再由經驗豐富的投資團隊就一籃子錯誤定價股票進行討論而得出最佳的投資機會。我們的投資優勢在於了解這些機會的中期成果範圍,而不是目前市場預期的隱含結果。

我們認為,對亞洲股票而言,亞洲(日本除外)股票評價的結果、價值股再次表現優於大盤、經濟週期及公司策略模式顯著地轉變均是好的徵兆。投資人此時應重新評估過去五至七年的投資配置,並將大眾通常會採「跟隨」策略列入考量之中。

Sources:
1. Refinitiv Eikon Datastream,MSCI亞洲(日本除外)指數對比MSCI亞洲(日本除外)價值指數,總回報指數(美元),直至2022年4月29日。
2. 整體潛在市場/商品交易總額
3. 美國銀行基金經理調查,2022年4月。
4. Refinitiv Eikon Datastream,MSCI亞洲(日本除外)指數美元總回報指數,截至2022年4月29日。
This document is produced by Eastspring Investments (Singapore) Limited and issued in:

Singapore and Australia (for wholesale clients only) by Eastspring Investments (Singapore) Limited (UEN: 199407631H), which is incorporated in Singapore, is exempt from the requirement to hold an Australian financial services licence and is licensed and regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore under Singapore laws which differ from Australian laws.

Hong Kong by Eastspring Investments (Hong Kong) Limited and has not been reviewed by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong.

Indonesia by PT Eastspring Investments Indonesia, an investment manager that is licensed, registered and supervised by the Indonesia Financial Services Authority (OJK).

Malaysia by Eastspring Investments Berhad (531241-U).

United States of America (for institutional clients only) by Eastspring Investments (Singapore) Limited (UEN: 199407631H), which is incorporated in Singapore and is registered with the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission as a registered investment adviser.

European Economic Area (for professional clients only) and Switzerland (for qualified investors only) by Eastspring Investments (Luxembourg) S.A., 26, Boulevard Royal, 2449 Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, registered with the Registre de Commerce et des Sociétés (Luxembourg), Register No B 173737.

United Kingdom (for professional clients only) by Eastspring Investments (Luxembourg) S.A. - UK Branch, 125 Old Broad Street, London EC2N 1AR.

Chile (for institutional clients only) by Eastspring Investments (Singapore) Limited (UEN: 199407631H), which is incorporated in Singapore and is licensed and regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore under Singapore laws which differ from Chilean laws.

The afore-mentioned entities are hereinafter collectively referred to as Eastspring Investments.

The views and opinions contained herein are those of the author on this page, and may not necessarily represent views expressed or reflected in other Eastspring Investments’ communications. This document is solely for information purposes and does not have any regard to the specific investment objective, financial situation and/or particular needs of any specific persons who may receive this document. This document is not intended as an offer, a solicitation of offer or a recommendation, to deal in shares of securities or any financial instruments. It may not be published, circulated, reproduced or distributed without the prior written consent of Eastspring Investments. Reliance upon information in this posting is at the sole discretion of the reader. Please consult your own professional adviser before investing.

Investment involves risk. Past performance and the predictions, projections, or forecasts on the economy, securities markets or the economic trends of the markets are not necessarily indicative of the future or likely performance of Eastspring Investments or any of the funds managed by Eastspring Investments.

Information herein is believed to be reliable at time of publication. Data from third party sources may have been used in the preparation of this material and Eastspring Investments has not independently verified, validated or audited such data. Where lawfully permitted, Eastspring Investments does not warrant its completeness or accuracy and is not responsible for error of facts or opinion nor shall be liable for damages arising out of any person’s reliance upon this information. Any opinion or estimate contained in this document may subject to change without notice.

Eastspring Investments (excluding JV companies) companies are ultimately wholly-owned/indirect subsidiaries/associate of Prudential plc of the United Kingdom. Eastspring Investments companies (including JV’s) and Prudential plc are not affiliated in any manner with Prudential Financial, Inc., a company whose principal place of business is in the United States of America.