矽谷銀行倒閉對亞洲的影響

儘管矽谷銀行倒閉可能會影響聯準會在3月的利率決策,但其對亞洲的影響應該有限。此事件亦凸顯了聯準會升息週期最終將暴露全球經濟脆弱性的風險,進而增加我們的投資團隊對於優質利潤及現金流的持續關注。

美國科技新創界的主要貸款機構矽谷銀行﹙SVB﹚倒閉,而總部位於紐約的Signature Bank隨後亦倒閉,導致美國的地區性銀行股大幅下跌。美國及歐洲的全球性銀行亦受到影響,不過影響的程度較為有限。由於矽谷銀行因出售證券投資組合虧損18億美元而陷入財務困境,投資人對銀行的債券投資組合價值的擔憂加劇。事件對亞洲市場的影響較小。

影響

美國銀行體系。事件對美國銀行體系的系統性威脅應該有限。美國監管機構的反應迅速,以防止任何風險蔓延至美國金融體系:

  • 矽谷銀行及Signature Bank的所有存戶都能夠在週一(3月13日)提領款項,此措施應有助於維持存戶對銀行的整體信心。

  • 議定的緊急資金將允許任何聯邦保險存款機構(包括銀行、儲蓄機構或信用合作社)以其持有至到期資產作抵押進行貸款。這些機構能夠將相關資產存放在聯邦儲備銀行,並根據按面額定價的資產貸入款項。

持有至到期資產按市值計價的問題屬流動性的問題,而非償還能力的問題。此機制即時降低銀行擠兌的風險,因聯邦儲備銀行實際上確保了流動性問題得以解決,而為美國銀行體系的所有存款提供保障。

此外,美國被視為屬系統重要性金融機構﹙SIFI﹚的銀行擁有強大的資本緩衝。這些緩衝保障它們免受持有至到期證券投資組合價值下降的影響,相關價值已反映在2022年年底的資產負債表之上。

聯準會的利率決策。近期的市場發展降低了聯準會在3月21至22日舉行的聯邦公開市場委員會利率會議上升息2碼的可能性。我們認為,此次決策有可能為升息1碼或暫緩升息。儘管如此,除非影響蔓延至金融體系,否則長遠而言,就業及通膨數據將繼續主導聯準會的利率決策。

亞洲銀行。據報導,由於貸款需求疲弱,矽谷銀行的投資組合佔其總資產的57%,此比率明顯高於美國的其他主要銀行,這導致矽谷銀行特別容易受到其證券投資組合價值下跌的影響。由於亞太區最大的20間銀行的平均貸款與存款比率為75%1,證券在資產佔的比率應遠遠較小。

亞洲科技產業。雖然此事件對美國科技產業產生了連鎖反應,但由於對矽谷銀行資金的依賴程度有限,事件對亞洲上市的科技公司的影響可能相當輕微。

我們認為這是短期市場事件,不太可能影響我們的長期投資流程。投資人應預期約一年前開始的聯準會升息週期將暴露全球經濟的脆弱面。我們在2023年市場展望中強調了此風險,而我們的投資團隊將持續關注擁有產出強勁現金流能力的公司及產業。

 

資料來源:1截至2022年6月30日。樣本僅包括截至2022年6月30日標普全球市場財智中按總資產計算最大的20間亞太區銀行。貸款/存款比率使用淨貸款總額及存款總額計算。
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