觸底跡象出現,市場逆風更須謹慎

冠狀病毒肆虐全球,一場全球公共衛生的危機,逐漸蛻變成全球經濟與金融市場的挑戰。但好消息是,靠著封鎖措施、政府強力財政政策支持與量化寬鬆,加上市場處於相對便宜價格,顯示市場逐漸露出觸底跡象。從歷史經驗來看,每一次底部盤整階段,都維持了幾個月的時間。

隨著冠狀病毒在世界各地傳播,全球公共衛生危機已對全球經濟和金融市場構成挑戰。

在過去兩個月,全球經濟活動因許多國家宣布封鎖因而暫停,甚至快速崩潰。發展中市場和新興市場股市均下跌,分析師下調了獲利預期;受到避險資金流入支持,高評等美元資產表現優異,而強勁的美元進一步打壓新興市場資產。隨著各種資產類別流動性收緊,使得市場對債券違約的擔憂加劇,也使得美國和亞洲高收益債券市場受到劇烈影響。

希望曙光就在前方

全球壟罩在大封鎖(Lockdown)的不確定環境下,我們仍可發現復甦的訊號:

有效的封鎖措施

若能採取適當的遏制措施,疫情的爆發將可受到控制。以中國為例,證明積極封鎖措施有助於控制疫情,而經濟一旦恢復常態,將使商業信心反彈,隨著許多企業恢復營運,中國官方製造業採購經理人指數(PMI)從上個月的歷史低點35.7飆升至2020年3月的52.0;非製造業採購經理人指數反彈至51.8,相較2月份上升21.7點,其中運輸、零售和銀行業均出現增長。

強而有力的政策支持

鑒於2008年金融海嘯的經驗,全球政府決策者也紛紛採取行動,避免金融危機再現。其中,美國聯準會(Fed)祭出多項措施,包括大幅降息、重啟量化寬鬆、延長換匯(swap lines)機制,最近又恢復實施商業票據融資便利機制(Commercial Paper Funding Facility, CPFF),為汽車貸款、抵押和公司提供信貸,將有助於支持家庭、企業和工作。

全球各國大舉祭出財政刺激政策,規模甚至超過2008年金融危機期間(中國除外),以美國和歐洲為例,刺激規模占比分別達GDP的10%和5%,亞洲國家也採取積極的貨幣寬鬆和財政刺激措施,占比約為GDP的0.2%〜10%(見圖一),其中日本宣布了龐大的財政計劃,占國內生產總值近20%,在亞洲地區脫穎而出。 

圖一:全球財政刺激規模超越2008年1

bottoming_graph1


提升流動性

全球強力的財政和貨幣政策,有效地緩解資本市場的流動情形。隨著聯準會回購美國投資級公司債券,美國和亞洲高收益債券明顯受益;股市波動率也從近期高點回落。

為抑制非周期性、急劇且緩慢的疫情爆發風險,我們相信放寬流動性將是一帖良藥。

估值便宜

投資人都想撿便宜,經過修正後的股價淨值比(P/B),也為長期投資人創造了機會。例如,美國MSCI指數帳面價值目前已低於長期歷史平均水平,而MSCI亞太不含日本指數的估值,也已接近2008年時的最低點(見圖2)。 

圖二:亞太地區(日本除外)MSCI指數股價淨值比2

bottoming_graph2


目前來看,債券收益率看起來也極具吸引力。相較於美國投資級債券,新興市場債券的利差水準相對於過去較大,但仍須謹慎看待的是,當許多拉丁美洲債券發行人正遭受全球經濟下滑及近期油價崩跌至歷史低點的壓力,也為新興債市帶來不確定性。


現在正是〝觸底〞進行式

規模空前的刺激政策,成功激勵了股票與債市,部分跌深資產開始回彈。我們認為,目前正處於觸底過程的開始,且將可能持續數月之久。

目前來看,我們對股票保持中立,雖然估值具有吸引力,但也提醒投資人,觸底過程中需謹慎因應,並且做好多重資產分散配置,目前市場情緒、股票收益修正趨勢和總體經濟風險等基本指標仍然較弱,將持續影響股市表現。

Sources:
Various news agencies, Brookings, IMF and BCA Research. Loan guarantees are excluded if there is a specific amount in the news. As of 30 April 2020.
2 Refinitiv Datastream. Eastspring Investments. IBES estimates. 30 March 2020.

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