中國:數位化帶動醫療科技熱潮

人口結構變化、社會日益富裕、生活方式引起的疾病,以及人們的健康意識提升,預計將推動中國醫療護理行業成長。然而,專業醫療人員短缺和昂貴成本是關鍵挑戰。幸而,持續的數位化發展有助減輕部份壓力,更帶來許多令人振奮的投資機會。

中國醫療護理支出預計將由2019年的6.5兆元人民幣增至2030年的17.6兆元人民幣1,成長接近三倍,並將會推動藥品銷售、醫療機械銷售、分銷商等許多其他分類行業同步成長。過去十年,隨著科技發展,市場環境也不斷變化。事實上,線上醫療護理支出自2015年以來已成長2.5倍。

中國在2018年實施全面線上醫療監管框架後,健康科技在過去兩年蓬勃發展。新規例准許:一)使用線上平台的醫院相互合作;二)實體醫院提供線上解決方案,及三)企業可與實體醫院合作成立「互聯網醫院」。互聯網醫院可有效運用不同醫院的醫生和護士服務。

此外,新冠疫情令更多人轉向遠距醫療服務求診,進一步加快醫療護理行業的數位化發展。在2020年,有近9.86億中國人口可透過流動設備上網2,加上目前最快的5G技術,連接線上醫療服務輕而易舉。隨著遠距醫療興起,我們認為能顯著受惠的兩個行業為線上藥品銷售及用於醫療診斷的人工智能。(見圖1)。

圖1:線上診症市場正在擴張

ADJ-2021-mid-year-outlook-navigating-an-uneven-recovery-1

資料來源:Frost & Sullivan,高盛全球投資研究,2021年1月。

線上藥品銷售前景可觀?

中國線上藥品銷售尚未蓬勃發展基於多個原因,中國病者的傳統心態是其中之一。病者普遍認為公立醫院擁有最優秀的醫生和最好的藥物,因此較少在線上購買藥物。

因此,公立醫院佔全國藥品銷售的70%,而藥店則佔其餘比例;在總值1.8兆元人民幣的中國藥品銷售市場中,線上藥品銷售僅佔不足1%。(見圖2)。

圖2:線上藥品銷售佔藥品銷售總額的比例微不足道
2021-mid-year-outlook-navigating-an-uneven-recovery-2

資料來源:www.3g.menet.com.cn

但我們認為目前模式正在變化,在有利的監管條例支持下,線上藥品銷售將展現強勁結構性成長。監管機構在2000年11月已發佈法規草案,詳細列明線上處方藥品銷售的法律框架,以及線上和線下銷售藥品的價格協調。在2021年4月,中國商務部發佈文件,支持海南省開展線上處方藥品銷售試點。

慢性疾病患者將顯著受惠於這項舉措。目前,慢性疾病藥品銷售額佔中國藥品銷售總額的55%。總而言之,我們估計在未來三至五年內,線上藥品銷售將取得至少30%至40%的複合平均成長率。(見圖3)。5G基建網路的擴展亦有望提高和促進線上診症的素質。

圖3:線上零售藥店市場勢將強勁增長
2021-mid-year-outlook-navigating-an-uneven-recovery-3

資料來源:Frost & Sullivan,高盛全球投資研究,2021年1月。

人工智能診斷系統推動行業發展的潛力

一般而言,醫生會根據經驗和科學證據作出診斷。然而,中國偏遠地區的醫生大多缺乏接觸各種疾病的機會,因此經驗較少,而中國科技公司創建的人工智能診斷系統正可在這方面發揮所長。透過使用人工智能診斷系統,醫生可提高斷症準確性,從而更佳保障病者的安全和提高他們的生存率。此外,人工智能工具更為整個醫療護理行業創造價值,令病者對偏遠地區的基層醫院更有信心,繼而可紓緩一線城市甲級醫院的壓力。

中國有多家人工智能醫療護理公司,在2020年已達129家(不包括標靶基因研究領域)。其中,55家公司從事醫學造影,佔人工智能醫療護理公司總數的42.6%3。雖然人工智能技術目前主要用於醫學造影領域,但最終可更廣泛地應用於其他醫療護理領域。(見圖4)。

圖4:人工智能技術融入醫療護理領域
2021-mid-year-outlook-navigating-an-uneven-recovery-4

資料來源:EqualOcean,2020年。

投資的考慮需要基於充分理解

雖然上述多項因素預示醫療護理行業是令人期待的投資選擇,但投資這個行業亦不無挑戰。首先,投資人必須明白,中國的醫療護理行業仍然是由政策推動的市場。60%以上的公立醫院支出均向政府報銷。因此,政府對該行業的擁有重大控制權,任何政策變化均會影響整體醫療護理行業的成長。

其次,鑑於行業內的分類行業數量眾多,投資人必須對不同分類行業具備專業知識,才能從中挑選出合適的投資機會。評估公司投資潛力的關鍵領域包括成長前景、潛在市場總規模和產品創新能力。更重要的是,投資人必須注意並非所有醫療護理公司均是使用尖端科技的高成長公司,業內仍有許多尚未掌握科技優勢的仿製藥製造商。

同時,ESG是另一個我們需要在醫療護理行業投資機會中應對的領域。目前,健康科技公司面臨與數據相關的挑戰,即如何獲取、儲存和使用數據。此外,病者記錄、個人資料和基因數據須遵守不同合規要求,令數據處理成為一項棘手問題。

大型科技公司在健康科技領域的未來潛力

預期大型科技公司對醫療護理行業發揮的作用將日益加強。大型科技公司與保險公司、醫院和政府建立的遠距醫療平台融合,是反映上述趨勢的關鍵指標。具有強大供應鏈實力的平台,通過加強與醫院和優秀醫生的合作,更有可能鞏固分散的線下零售藥房市場。

但即使投資氣氛利好,我們仍需考慮道德問題。大型科技公司需表明,病者護理的重要性高於利用所得數據變現獲利。數據管治必須與時並進,以確保遵守道德原則。始終,人工智能技術應該是所有人的資產,而非負擔。

這是瀚亞投資2021年亞洲專家系列六篇文章的最後一篇。在這個聚焦中國的新系列中,我們的投資團隊探討和分析中國推行「十四五規劃」所面對的機遇和挑戰。

Sources:
1 Frost & Sullivan
2 https://www.statista.com/statistics/273973/number-of-mobile-internet-users-in-china/
3 https://equalocean.com/analysis/2020082314614
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