2023年市場展望:在波動中追求韌性

隨著我們從通膨主導的格局過渡至不確定性更高的環境,投資組合的韌性在未來12至18個月將變得至關重要。聯準會能否成功讓經濟軟著陸?經濟衰退是否即將來臨?無論如何,我們預計波動將維持在高檔。大幅提高投資組合的分散投資程度是應對不明朗的市場前景的最佳途徑。

準確預測什麼事件或主題將主導2023年的市場波動是一件相當具有挑戰性的事。雖然市場定價似乎已反映對於通膨是否會迅速回落至可被接受的水準或維持高檔的平衡觀點,但我們預期消息流向將主導著未來的市場反應。因此,未來的趨勢可能會起伏不定,但投資人有多種能夠降低投資組合整體波動幅度的選項。

透過多元資產加強耐久性

我們的多元資產團隊採取了幾項策略,優化投資組合在所有市場週期的短期及長期經風險調整後報酬,這些策略分別為分散投資、戰術性疊加策略,以及審慎注意風險的衍生性金融商品策略。

從傳統角度來看,分散投資於各資產類別的重點在於把相關性較低的資產相結合。然而,正如我們在今年所見,強勁的通膨(以及較高的初期評價水準)導致股票與債券的負相關性及有效程度較以往減少。面對目前通膨(與利率)可能長期維持高檔的新環境,我們認為非傳統的分散投資方法,例如分散投資於各股票投資風格因子,變得日益重要且更具價值。

話雖如此,多元資產團隊仍然深信,股票與債券之間的歷史關係將及時地重新確立。畢竟,只有當股票及債券都有合理的評價水準時,兩者才能提供最大的分散投資優勢。

戰略性疊加策略是另一個選項。這些策略通常用於限制某些風險,或利用目前的市場氣氛獲利。在目前的市場環境下,投資人需要增加防禦性資產的曝險,以避免市場出現劇烈反應時受到影響。

最後,多元資產團隊認為,風險較為可控的衍生性商品策略有利於投資組合。在法規允許使用衍生性商品的多元資產投資組合中,該團隊透過波動度曲線來加強投資組合的避險。例如,在今年美國股市下跌期間,該團隊在幾個投資組合中採用了買入看跌期權策略,以對沖美國股市下行的情境。

運用量化策略進行防禦型部署

Smart Beta及多因子股票策略今年相對於母指數的表現更加理想。在市場情景不明及波動期間,低波動策略往往能夠跑贏大盤。透過持有股票並最終建構較不受市場氣氛波動影響的投資組合,低波動策略本質上有更強的防禦能力。這類投資組合在股市下跌時的跌幅往往較小,因此在股市上漲時不需要變動太多也能夠保持領先。

然而,採用充分分散風險的低波動策略為重點所在,因為必須確保策略能廣泛代表市場上所有的產業,以避免錯過可能在2023年佔據主導地位的關鍵主題。

多元因子策略用於維持與大盤相當的波動水準,因此其防禦性質低於低波動策略。然而,此策略旨在於廣泛分散投資於各種因子(或風格),其風險相對於市場基準指標也更為可控。因此,無論當時市場由什麼風格主導,此策略往往能在不同環境下皆取得理想表現(相對於大盤)。對投資人而言,這項特點在我們預期於2023年出現的不確定性較高的環境下應該會相當有用。

透過收入法降低衝擊力道

正如我們在《為另一個新常態作好準備》的主題中所談論到的,我們預期通膨及利率將長期維持在高檔。在這種情況下,投資人將尋求通膨避險工具以及更高的收益。

上市房地產普遍被視為良好的通膨避險工具。一般而言,上市房地產的長期整體報酬及股利成長持續高於通膨。在澳洲、英國及歐洲等市場,租金與通膨數據掛鈎,為資產持有人降低部分的收益衝擊。

同樣,選擇穩定配息的股票將能夠確保穩定的定期收入,從而帶來正的實質收益。在亞太地區﹙排除日本﹚,高股息總報酬指數通常能夠在大部分時期提供高於美國通膨的報酬。

此外,亞洲高股息股票與亞洲債券的相關性較低,其與亞洲投資級別及非投資級別債券的相關性分別為0.30及0.47。 這對於希望建立多元化收益資產投資組合的投資人來說是個優點。

亞洲高股息指數的報酬多數時刻高於美國通膨

charting-sustainability-pathways-fig2-2 

短期政府公債是投資人獲得收益的另一個選項。投資於擁有穩定AAA評級的國家尤其值得考慮;新加坡政府公債今年創下數十年來新高,相較於年初殖利率僅有1%,目前殖利率超過4%。投資人不再需要為他們的積蓄帶來卓越的報酬而積極尋求風險,我們在未來有可能見到資金持續湧向利率維持在較高水準的短期政府公債。

此外,透過將資產配置到由信評較高的發行人所發行,而殖利率高於通膨的短期投資級別債券,投資人將能夠鎖定正的實質報酬。優質固定收益資產的前景將變得更加有利,其殖利率的絕對數值面前處在十多年來最具吸引力的水準。

投資影響

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作者:

Craig Bell, Head of Multi Asset Portfolio Solutions, Eastspring Singapore
Ben Dunn, Head of Quantitative Strategies, Eastspring Investments
Danny Tan, Head of Fixed Income, Eastspring Singapore
Katerina Irwan, Portfolio Manager, Equities, Eastspring Singapore
Bonnie Chan, Portfolio Manager, Equities, Eastspring Singapore

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